Visas allow for temporary entry into the U.S. for a specific purpose, such as education, travel, or work, and must be obtained prior to arrival. In contrast, green cards provide permanent residency, allowing the holder to live and work in the U.S. indefinitely. While visas grant entry for a limited time, green cards are issued after arrival and require an immigrant visa as a prerequisite. Non-immigrant visas are temporary, while immigrant visas allow for permanent relocation but do not grant residency on their own. Green card holders must renew their physical card every ten years, but they have the opportunity to apply for U.S. citizenship after three to five years.